Passive exposure and perceptions of smoke-free policies in hospital and university campuses among nursing students: A cross-sectional multicenter study.

INTRODUCTION: Outdoor smoke-free regulations reduce exposure to secondhand smoke (SHS) and help to denormalize tobacco use. As future key agents in health promotion, nursing students' attitudes should agree with tobacco-control policies. The objectives of this study were: 1) assess nursing students' exposure to SHS in nursing schools, 2) explore their perceptions of compliance with the existing smoke-free regulations in acute-care hospitals; and 3) describe their support for indoor and outdoor smoking bans on hospital and university campuses. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional multicenter study conducted in 2015-2016 in all 15 university nursing schools in Catalonia, Spain. A questionnaire gathered information on SHS exposure, awareness of the smoke-free regulation in acutecare hospitals, and support for smoke-free policies in indoor and outdoor areas of hospitals and university campuses. Participants were nursing students attending classes on the day of the survey. We performed descriptive analyses and calculated adjusted prevalence ratios (APR) and 95% confidence interval (CI). RESULTS: Of 4381 respondents, 99.1% had seen people smoking in outdoor areas of their university campus, and 75.2% had been exposed to SHS on the campus (6.0% indoors and 69.2% outdoors). Nearly 60% were aware of the smoking regulation in place in acute-care hospitals. There was widespread support for smoke-free indoor hospital regulation (98.7%), but less support (64.8%) for outdoor regulations. Approximately 33% supported the regulation to make outdoor healthcare campuses smoke-free, which was higher among third-year students compared to first-year students (APR=1.41; 95% CI: 1.24-1.62), among never smokers (41.4%; APR=2.84; 95% CI: 2.21-3.64) compared to smokers, and among those who were aware of the regulation (38.4%; 95% CI: 1.37-1.75). CONCLUSIONS: Exposure to SHS on university campuses is high. Nursing students express low support for strengthening outdoor smoking bans on hospital and university campuses. Interventions aiming to increase their support should be implemented.

Implementation of advanced triage in the Emergency Department of high complexity public hospital: Research protocol.

AIM: To evaluate the efficacy of advanced nurse triage based on the quality of care outcomes of patients attending the Emergency Department of a high-complexity hospital. To analyse the concept of advanced triage and the essential elements of the construct. DESIGN: Mixed longitudinal study, divided into 4 steps; which will include an initial qualitative step, two observational studies and finally, a quasi-experimental study. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: NCT05230108. METHODS: Step 1 will consist of a concept analysis. Step 2 will include a mapping of advanced practice protocol terminologies. Step 3 will analyse the opinion of health professionals on advanced triage. In step 4: in the retrospective phase (n = 1095), sociodemographic and clinical variables and quality indicators such as waiting time will be analysed. After that, in the prospective phase (n = 547), advanced triage will be implemented and the two cohorts will be compared. The whole study will be carried out from January 2022 to January 2024. DISCUSSION: Patients classified as low complexity at triage are more vulnerable to emergency department overcrowding. The implementation of advanced triage would make it possible to respond to patient needs by offering equitable and quality healthcare, facilitating accessibility, safety and humanization of the emergency department.

Compliance with the smoke-free policy in hospitals in Spain: the patients' perspective.

OBJECTIVE: To explore compliance with the smoke-free policy in hospitals in Catalonia, Spain, by exploring inpatients' perceptions. METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional study of a random sample of 1047 inpatients from 13 public hospitals. We collected data about: (a) type of information about the smoke-free policy provided by the hospital, (b) patients' knowledge about the policy, (c) general appreciation of the compliance with the policy, and (d) specific appreciation of such compliance by noticing any sign of tobacco consumption. We described the data by several patients' and hospitals' characteristics and assessed their association with the perceived noncompliance using prevalence ratios (PR) and their 95% confidence intervals (CIs). RESULTS: Few patients were informed about the smoke-free policy (4.8% orally, 6.1% in writing, and 55.6% through sign postings). About 64% were aware of the regulation and 73.5% believed that it was properly obeyed. While 0.7% had never or rarely observed smoking indoors, 36.2% had seen someone smoking outdoors sometimes or many times. Signs of tobacco consumption were observed indoors and outdoors. Factors associated with the perception of noncompliance were: being less than 45 years old versus being more than 64 years old (adjusted PR, 2.33; 95% CI, 1.09-4.98) and currently smoking versus have never smoked (adjusted PR, 1.84; 95% CI, 1.02-3.34). CONCLUSION: Compliance with the smoke-free policy in hospitals according to the patients' view is notable, although several infringements were reported, mainly outdoors. The smoke-free policy in hospitals should be reinforced by prompting continuous awareness campaigns and the exemplary role of hospital workers.

Topical treatment of tissue damage due to extravasation of iodinated contrast using thermal compresses.

OBJECTIVE: To study the effectiveness of the topical application of dry cold or dry hot compresses in the treatment of non-ionic iodinated contrast extravasation injury. METHODS: A multicenter, consecutive, non-probabilistic experimental clinical trial was carried out between June 2017 and September 2020. The study included patients with extravasation of non-ionic iodinated contrast, administered through an injector pump during a computed tomography procedure. In the experimental group, a dry heat pack was applied in the first hour of treatment followed by a dry cold pack; the control group received only the cold pack. The size of the extravasation, pain, details of contrast administration, anthropomorphic data and the patient's clinical history were recorded. Follow-up was carried out at 24h. RESULTS: 65 patients were included, of which 32 were treated with cold pack only and 33 with heat and cold. In those receiving heat treatment, 30 (90.9%) patients had complete resolution, while those with cold treatment only had complete resolution in 13 (40.6%); p<0.001 and odds ratio 14.6 (95% CI 3.7-58.1). With the initial application of dry heat, local inflammation improved by 1.2% more than in those with dry cold treatment only. CONCLUSIONS: The application of dry heat during the first hour of treatment was more effective, by more than 50 percentage points, at diffusing contrast and modulating the inflammatory process.

Manejo de las extravasaciones de contraste yodado, mediante una intervención térmica. Prueba piloto / Management of iodate contrast extravasations, through a thermal intervention. Pilot test

Objetivo. Analizar la eficacia de la aplicación del calor seco y del frío seco para la resolución de las extravasaciones de contraste yodado administrado mediante una bomba inyectora. Método. Estudio experimental. Se ha realizado una prueba piloto, para de-finir el protocolo de actuación y recogida de datos de un estudio comparativo multicéntrico. Se han evaluado 6 casos de extravasación recogidos en el periodo de marzo a junio de 2017, aplicando de forma aleatoria seco o calor seco como primera intervención. Resultados. En todos los casos se produjo una reacción inflamatoria generalizada de la extremidad afectada pasadas 24h. En los casos tratados con frío seco se pudo delimitar y medir la extravasación tras este intervalo de tiempo, sin embargo en los casos tratados con calor seco como primera intervención no se pudieron definir los contornos pasadas estas 24h. El dolor remitió de forma similar con ambas intervenciones. Conclusiones. La ausencia de con-torno definido y medible de la extravasación pasadas 24h, en las que fueron tratadas con calor seco como primera intervención, puede ser con-secuencia de una mejor absorción y distribución del contraste extravasado comparado con el frío seco. Lo que podría determinar que el calor seco es una intervención térmica positiva para la resolución de éstas ex-travasaciones

Objective. To analyse the efficacy of the application of dry heat and dry cold for the resolution of iodinated contrast extravasations administered by means of an injection pump. Method. Experimental study. A pilot test has been carried out to define the protocol for action and data collection of a comparative multicentre study. We have evaluated six cases of extravasation that occurred during the period of March to June 2017, randomly applying dry cold or dry heat as the first intervention. Results. In all cases, there was a generalized inflammatory reaction of the affected limb after 24h. In the cases treated with dry cold, it was possible to delimit and measure the extravasation after this time interval, however in the cases treated with dry heat as the first intervention, the contours could not be defined after these 24h. Pain returned similarly with both interventions. Conclusions. The absence of a defined and measurable contour of the extravasation after 24h, in which they were treated with dry heat as the first intervention, may be a consequence of a better absorption and distribution of extravasated contrast compared to dry cold. What could determine that dry heat is a positive thermal intervention for the resolution of these extravasations

Aprendizaje-servicio, compromiso social e innovación. Experiencias en las asignaturas Enfermería Comunitaria y Trabajo Final de Grado / No disponible

Introducción. Se realizan dos proyectos de aprendizaje servicio (ApS) en la Escuela de Enfermería de la Facultad de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud de la Universidad de Barcelona (UB), con la voluntad de favorecer la formación de estudiantes comprometidos con las necesidades de la comunidad en la que está arraigada la universidad. Objetivo. Adquirir el dominio competencial para gestionar la promoción y educación para la salud en el desarrollo de un servicio a la comunidad. Metodología. En la asignatura Enfermería Comunitaria dentro de Compartir Ideas, un proyecto de innovación docente del grupo de trabajo ApS (UB) con un equipo multidisciplinar de profesorado de diversas facultades, se realizan conferencias taller impartidas por estudiantes de la UB a alumnado de secundaria. Participación de cuatro estudiantes universitarias que realizan ocho conferencias taller sobre hábitos posturales, estiramientos y relajación en dos centros de educación secundaria de Barcelona. Participan 120 alumnos. Resultados. En el Trabajo Final de Grado se promueve la actividad física en mujeres. Colaboran dos enfermeras de dos centros de atención primaria. Se desarrollan cuatro sesiones de actividad física en dos grupos de mujeres. La evaluación del aprendizaje del alumnado universitario de ambos proyectos se realiza a través de las tutorías, los diarios reflexivos y las rúbricas del Trabajo Final de Grado en la modalidad ApS y los cuestionarios utilizados en el proyecto Compartir Ideas. Conclusión. Integrar la formación y el servicio mejora el dominio competencial en el cuidado de la comunidad, en la promoción de la salud, en el compromiso ético y en el trabajo en equipo, de manera que se aprende en la acción y la reflexión (AU)

No disponible

La formación universitaria de las enfermeras en el nuevo contexto asistencial / Nursing university education in a new healthcare setting

La formación universitaria de las enfermeras ha de responder a los retos planteados por la sociedad del siglo XXI. Las condiciones de salud de las personas son de complejidad elevada, con problemas de carácter social asociados. Las facultades de enfermería deben formar a las enfermeras con una visión transformadora mediante la definición de planes de estudio, con enfoque preventivo y de promoción de la salud, en un contexto de salud pública y comunitaria. Las tecnologías de la información y la comunicación, junto con el liderazgo enfermero, son también elementos indispensables de valor para las enfermeras graduadas. Una respuesta innovadora a las necesidades sociales y de transformación de la sociedad requiere un compromiso con la definición de los planes de estudio del grado, pero también con los másteres y con la formación continuada. Enseñar a investigar es la manera de adquirir las competencias necesarias para generar conocimiento que contribuya a garantizar el desarrollo profesional de las enfermeras y colabore a la salud de las personas (AU)

Nursing university education has to respond to the challenges of the 21st century. Health conditions are highly complex with associated social problems. The universities should train nurses with a transforming vision, by defining study plans, preventive intervencioapproach and promoting health, in a context of community health. The information and communication technologies along with the nurse leadership are also essential elements of value for graduated nurses. An innovative response to social needs and transformation of society requires commitment in defining the study plans of degree and also in the master's degree and in the continuing education programs. Investigate is how to acquire the necessary skills to generate knowledge to help ensure the professional development of nurses and contribute to the persons health (AU)

[Nursing University Education in a New Healthcare Setting]. / La formación universitaria de las enfermeras en el nuevo contexto asistencial.

Nursing university education has to respond to the challenges of the 21st century. Health conditions are highly complex with associated social problems. The universities should train nurses with a transforming vision, by defining study plans, preventive approach and promoting health, in a context of community health. The information and communication technologies along with the nurse leadership are also essential elements of value for graduated nurses. An innovative response to social needs and transformation of society requires commitment in defining the study plans of degree and also in the master's degree and in the continuing education programs. Investigate is how to acquire the necessary skills to generate knowledge to help ensure the professional development of nurses and contribute to the persons health.

La integración de la información de salud del paciente / Integration of health information patient

Las tecnologías de la información y la comunicación (TIC) están implementadas en los sistemas de salud. Sin embargo, la actual situación socioeconómica plantea algunos interrogantes respecto a cómo evolucionará el sistema de salud en un contexto de uso generalizado de las TIC, pero con dificultades de sostenibilidad. Además de la sostenibilidad y la consolidación, ahora el reto planteado es la integración de la información y en qué ámbito asistencial y qué profesionales de la salud deberán liderar este paso adelante en la atención de salud de las personas de la comunidad. Todo ello supone un importante cambio de mentalidad para los usuarios de los sistemas de salud, y la necesidad de integrar todos los cuidados de salud, trabajando de manera más transversal, con el objetivo de dar continuidad asistencial y propiciando más calidad en la atención de salud del ciudadano (AU)

Information and communications technology (ICT) is implemented in health systems. However, the current economic situation raises questions regarding how the health system will evolve in a context of widespread use of ICT, but with sustainability problems. Beside sustainability and consolidation, now a days, the challenge is the integration of information and in which care level and who among health professionals should lead this step forward in health care. All this represents a major change of mindset for users of health systems, and the need to integrate all health care, working more transversely, with the aim of achieve more health care continuity and provide better quality in health care of citizen (AU)

Analysis of University Postgraduate Nursing Education in Spain.

BACKGROUND: The nursing education program framework in Spain has recently been adapted and modified. This study aimed to analyze university postgraduate master'slevel nursing education during the past 21 years in Spain in terms of educational supply and demand. METHOD: A retrospective, longitudinal, descriptive, and observational design was used. The educational offerings at 15 university nursing schools in Spain were examined. The target population was 7,871 registered and licensed nurses who had completed postgraduate education. RESULTS: Among the 211 programs offered, public universities' educational offerings focused on two areas-public health and emergency care-whereas most courses in private universities were in surgery. Regarding demand, 1,235 nurses were enrolled. The most frequently requested educational areas were surgery, emergency and urgent care, and public health. CONCLUSION: Although the postgraduate nursing education situation has changed, supply and demand for this type of education in Spain are well balanced at both public and private universities. [J Nurs Educ. 2016;55(11):615-622.].

El cuidado a las personas y las TIC / The care to the people and the ITC

El avance y consolidación de las Tecnologías de la Información y la Comunicación (TIC) han favorecido que la historia clínica electrónica sea el nexo que vertebra toda la información clínica y sanitaria del paciente. Un uso adecuado de las TIC puede mejorar la gestión del tiempo de los profesionales y asegurar la coordinación, y puede ser una solución para generar un flujo de información continua entre los diferentes profesionales de la salud y entre los diferentes niveles asistenciales. El objetivo de las TIC es facilitar el continuo asistencial y favorecer una asistencia de eficiencia y calidad. Las TIC presentan ventajas e inconvenientes, por lo que los profesionales deberían hacer un uso adecuado basado, principalmente, en la no maleficencia y en la confidencialidad. Las distintas aplicaciones formulan como objetivos: 1. La mejora de la continuidad asistencial entre los diferentes niveles asistenciales. 2. La integración y coordinación entre los niveles asistenciales, para proporcionar unos cuidados personalizados y de excelencia. 3. La reducción de los costes en salud, por ejemplo en pacientes de alta complejidad. Las TIC facilitan la atención no presencial, ya que espacia el tiempo entre visitas. Este hecho conlleva, para muchos pacientes, una gran comodidad al no tener que ausentarse del trabajo y facilita la accesibilidad al sistema sanitario. Los inconvenientes de las TIC están relacionados con la confidencialidad de los datos, la información del paciente y la despersonalización de la atención al paciente. La enfermera, en la utilización de las TIC, tiene un papel protagonista, dado su rol en la promoción de la salud y prevención de la enfermedad. En estos contextos, las TIC pueden ayudar a innovar para mejorar la calidad de la asistencia y los resultados de salud. En este sentido, la enfermera tiene una gran oportunidad para innovar en los cuidados y ser referente en el seguimiento a distancia de los pacientes. Las TIC han generado nuevos desafíos a nivel de los profesionales, pacientes y proveedores que deben estudiarse con la finalidad de minimizar los problemas y buscar soluciones. Las redes sociales y los posts son útiles para la redefinición y profundización en la relación con enfermera-paciente, la difusión de la investigación enfermera entre las enfermeras y la visibilidad enfermera (AU)

The advancement and consolidation of information and communications technologies (ICT) has favored electronic medical records as the link between the clinical and patient health information. Appropriate use of ICT can improve and ensure coordination between different health professionals and levels of care. The aim of ICT is to facilitate the continuum of care and foster care efficiency and quality. However, professionals should make appropriate use of ICT based primarily on non-maleficence and confidentiality. The ICT: 1. Improve care continuity. 2. Facilitate integration and coordination, in order to provide personalized and excellent care between different levels of care. 3. Reduce health costs (in patients of high complexity, for example). The ICT facilitate the non-contact care, spacing the time between visits. The disadvantages of ICT are related to confidentiality and depersonalization of patient care. Nurses, by using ICT, play a leading role, given its role in health promotion and disease prevention. In these contexts, ICT can help innovate and improve the quality of care and health outcomes. In this regard, nurses have a great opportunity to innovate in care and take leadership in remote monitoring of patients. ICT have created new professionals, patients and providers challenges that should be studied in order to minimize problems and seek solutions. Social networks are useful for refining and deepening the relationship between nurses and patients, disseminating nursing research among nurses and nurse visibility (AU)

TIC / No disponible

No dîsponible

Enseñanza universitaria de enfermería: de la diplomatura al grado / No disponible

La enseñanza universitaria de la enfermería inició la docencia de los nuevos estudios del grado en enfermería en el curso 2009-2010, como resultado del consenso de la Declaración de Bolonia y con el objetivo de unificar las enseñanzas universitarias europeas. Este cambio ha variado el modelo tradicional de enseñanza basada en el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje memorístico; ahora se trata de ‘enseñar a aprender’. El profesor no sólo transmite contenidos, sino que orienta según las necesidades de los alumnos, guiándolos, estimulando el interés y tutorizando su proceso de aprendizaje. En los últimos 150 años, la enfermería ha padecido numerosos cambios legislativos, pero ninguno como el planteado en el marco del Espacio Europeo de Educación Superior (EEES), con las 40 competencias y habilidades que debe dominar el graduado en enfermería. El EEES también permite a las enfermeras acceder a la formación de máster universitario, lo cual posibilita matricularse en un programa de doctorado y, una vez finalizada y defendida la tesis doctoral, obtener el Grado de Doctor

University has started the new nursing degree in the 2009-2010 result of the consensus of the Bologna Declaration and with the aim of unifying European university education. This shift has turn around the traditional teaching model based on the process of teaching and change learning to ‘how to learn’. The teacher not only gives content geared to the needs of students, guiding, stimulating interest and learning process. In the last 150 years, nursing has undergone many changes in legislation, but none like the one proposed in the framework of the European Higher Education Area (EHEA), with the 40 competencies and skills you must master degree in nursing. The EHEA also allows nurses access into the training Master, which enables them to enroll in a doctoral program, and once completed the doctoral thesis and defended, obtain the Doctor Degree

[The Care and the People and the ITC]. / El cuidado a las personas y las TIC.

The advancement and consolidation of information and communications technologies (ICT) has favored electronic medical records as the link between the clinical and patient health information. Appropriate use of ICT can improve and ensure coordination between different health professionals and levels of care. The aim of ICT is to facilitate the continuum of care and foster care efficiency and quality. However, professionals should make appropriate use of ICT based primarily on non-maleficence and confidentiality. The ICT: 1. Improve care continuity. 2. Facilitate integration and coordination, in order to provide personalized and excellent care between different levels of care. 3. Reduce health costs (in patients of high complexity, for example). The ICT facilitate the non-contact care, spacing the time between visits. The disadvantage of ICT are related to confidentiality and depersonalization of patient care. Nurses, by using ICT, play a leading role, given its role in health promotion and disease prevention. In these contexts, ICT can help innovate and improve the quality of care and health outcomes. In this regard, nurses have a great opportunity to innovate in care and take leadership in remote monitoring of patients. ICT have created new professionals, patients and providers challenges that should be studied in order to minimize problems and seek solutions. Social networks are useful for refining and deepening the relationship between nurses and patients, disseminating nursing research among nurses and nurse visibility.

[Integration of Health Information Patient]. / La integración de la información de salud del paciente.

Information and communications technology (ICT) is implemented in health systems. However, the current economic situation raises questions regarding how the health system will evolve in a context of widespread use of ICT, but with sustainability problems. "Beside sustainability and consolidation, now a days, the challenge is the integration of information and in which care level and who among health professionals should lead this step forward in health care. All this represents a major change of mindset for users of health systems, and the need to integrate all health care, working more transversely, with the aim of achieve more health care continuity and provide better quality in health care of the citizen.

[MANAGEMENT OF HEALTHCARE WASTE IN THE HOSPITAL SETTING. UNDERSTANDING RISK MANAGEMENT]. / Gestión de los residuos sanitarios en el ámbito hospitalario (2).

UNLABELLED: The sanitary waste represents a potential hazard for health workers. Given the high risk of infection in labor accidents, the correct management of sanitary waste minimizes this risk and improves labor and environment conditions. OBJECTIVE: To identify risk perception with health professionals in relation to the advanced sorting and management of healthcare waste (HW). METHODOLOGY: The current study is a descriptive, cross-sectional. The sample size was 177 health workers (nurse assistants, nurses, physicians, lab technicians) from three hospitals in Barcelona (Catalonia). Homemade questionnaire and questions with a free and spontaneous association and incomplete sentences were used to analyze labor variables, perception of risk and personal security through a Likert scale. RESULTS: Using a score from 1 (the lowest perception of risk) to 5 (the high perception of risk) to assess the risk perception, the average value for nurse assistants, nurses, physicians, and lab technicians was 3.71, 3.75, 3.83 and 4.03, respectively. Referring to items with free and spontaneous response association, 44.8% of workers consider HW as a biohazard, 29.6% consider it as waste material, 22.1% state that it must be managed properly and 3.5% described it as unknown residues. CONCLUSION: The results suggest that all health professionals generally have a perception of high risk. The lab technicians have a higher perception of the real risk of inadequate management of HW A 63.2% report that everyone has to make a proper management to preserve their occupational health; the 59% consider that the HW are a biological risk to the general population and only the 47.8% that are harmful to public health. Although it should be noted that only 44.8% think that HW are toxic and dangerous.

[SANITARY WASTE IN THE HOSPITAL SETTING: ATTITUDE OF HEALTH PROFESSIONALS TOWARD ADVANCED MANAGEMENT OF SANITARY WASTE]. / Residuos sanitarios en el ámbito hospitalario (y 3).

OBJECTVE: The aim of this study was to assess the attitude of nurse assistants, nurses, physicians, and lab technicians about advanced management of medical waste. METHODS: Cross-sectional study of Attitude and explanatory variable degree of concordance between Attitude, Knowledge, and Risk Perception. The sample size was 176 health professionals from three hospitals in,the Barcelona area. A questionnaire of 44 items with responses measured on a Likert scale type questions and free and spontaneous association and incomplete sentences was used. RESULTS: Mean Attitude of health professionals surveyed was 4.40, with a standard deviation of 0.4 on a scale of 1-5, where 1 is considered a very negative and five a very positive Attitude. According to the values obtained with the Professional Category, the nurse assistants had an average value of 4.45 in Attitude, followed by nurses (4.36), physicians (4.27), and lab technicians (4.47). In the Pearson correlation, coefficients between Attitude, Risk Perception, Global Assessment, and level of Knowledge, values of r = 0.172 andp = 0.023 were obtained, r = -0.156 and p = 0.039 and r = 0.013 and p = 0.865 respectively. The mean values of the variables Knowledge, Risk Perception, Attitude, and Overall Rating were significantly different (ANOVA) in Knowledge level, according to Professional Category and Welfare Service, but not in other categories. CONCLUSIONS: The results of the current study suggest that health professionals generally have a very positive Attitude towards the management of medical waste. A significant relationship between Attitude and Risk Perception and Overall Rating was observed. In terms of the analysis of Variance, there was a significant difference in the level of Knowledge according to the Professional Category and the Assistance Service.

Residuos sanitarios en el ámbito hospitalario (y 3). Actitud de los profesionales de la salud frente a la gestión avanzada / Sanitary waste in the hospital setting: attitude of health professionals toward advanced management of sanitary waste

Objetivos. Conocer la actitud que tienen los técnicos auxiliares de cuidados de enfermería, las enfermeras, los médicos y los técnicos de laboratorio frente a la gestión avanzada de los residuos sanitarios (RS). Metodología. Estudio descriptivo transversal de la variable Actitud y explicativo del grado de concordancia entre Actitud, Conocimiento y Percepción de Riesgo. El tamaño de la muestra fue de 176 profesionales sanitarios de tres hospitales de la provincia de Barcelona. Se utilizó un cuestionario de 44 ítems con respuestas medidas en una escala tipo Likert y preguntas de asociación libre y espontánea y de frases incompletas. Resultados. La Actitud media de los profesionales sanitarios estudiados es de 4.40, con una desviación típica de 0.4, en una escala de 1 a 5 donde 1 se considera una Actitud muy negativa y 5 muy positiva. De acuerdo con los valores obtenidos con la Categoría Profesional, tenemos que los técnicos auxiliares de cuidados de enfermería dan un valor medio de Actitud de 4.45, las enfermeras de 4.36, los médicos de 4.27 y los técnicos de laboratorio de 4.47. En los coeficientes de correlación de Pearson entre la Actitud, la Percepción de Riesgo, la Valoración Global y el Nivel de Conocimiento, se obtuvieron unos valores de r = 0.172 y p = 0.023, r = -0.156 y p = 0.039, y r = 0.013 y p = 0.865, respectivamente. Tras analizar los valores promedio de las variables Conocimiento, Percepción de Riesgo, Actitud y Valoración Global, se obtuvieron diferencias significativas a través del ANOVA, en nivel de Conocimiento en función de la Categoría Profesional y Servicio Asistencial, no así en el resto de categorías. Conclusiones. El análisis de los resultados sugiere que los profesionales de la salud tienen, en general, una Actitud muy positiva frente a la gestión de los RS. Se observa una relación muy significativa entre la Actitud, la Percepción de Riesgo y la Valoración Global. En cuanto al análisis de la Varianza, se obtuvo una diferencia significativa en el nivel de Conocimiento según la Categoría Profesional y el Servicio Asistencial (AU)

Objective. The aim of this study was to assess the attitude of nurse assistants, nurses, physicians, and lab technicians about advanced management of medical waste. Methods. Cross-sectional study of Attitude and explanatory variable degree of concordance between Attitude, Knowledge, and Risk Perception. The sample size was 176 health professionals from three hospitals in the Barcelona area. A questionnaire of 44 items with responses measured on a Likert scale type questions and free and spontaneous association and incomplete sentences was used. Results. Mean Attitude of health professionals surveyed was 4.40, with a standard deviation of 0.4 on a scale of 1-5, where 1 is considered a very negative and five a very positive Attitude. According to the values obtained with the Professional Category, the nurse assistants had an average value of 4.45 in Attitude, followed by nurses (4.36), physicians (4.27), and lab technicians (4.47). In the Pearson correlation, coefficients between Attitude, Risk Perception, Global Assessment, and level of Knowledge, values of r = 0.172 and p = 0.023 were obtained, r = -0.156 and p = 0.039 and r = 0.013 and p = 0.865 respectively. The mean values of the variables Knowledge, Risk Perception, Attitude, and Overall Rating were significantly different (ANOVA) in Knowledge level, according to Professional Category and Welfare Service, but not in other categories. Conclusions. The results of the current study suggest that health professionals generally have a very positive Attitude towards the management of medical waste. A significant relationship between Attitude and Risk Perception and Overall Rating was observed. In terms of the analysis of Variance, there was a significant difference in the level of Knowledge according to the Professional Category and the Assistance Service (AU)

Gestión de los residuos sanitarios en el ámbito hospitalario (2): Percepción de riesgo frente a la gestión / Management of healthcare waste in the hospital setting. Understanding risk management

Objetivo. Identificar la percepción de riesgo que tienen los profesionales sanitarios, en relación con la clasificación y gestión avanzada de los residuos sanitarios (RS). Metodología. Estudio descriptivo y/o explicativo. El tamaño de la muestra fue de 177 participantes (técnicos auxiliares en cuidados de enfermería, enfermeras, médicos y técnicos de laboratorio) de tres hospitales de la provincia de Barcelona. Se utilizó un cuestionario de elaboración propia, para analizar las variables laborales y de percepción de riesgo para la salud laboral y la seguridad personal, tanto para la población en general como para la salud pública, con preguntas en una escala tipo Likert y preguntas de asociación libre y espontánea y de frases incompletas. Resultados. El nivel medio de percepción de riesgo de los técnicos auxiliares de cuidados de enfermería, las enfermeras, los médicos y los técnicos de laboratorio, en una escala de 1 (baja percepción) a 5 (alta percepción), es de 3.71, 3.75, 3.83 y 4.03, respectivamente. En referencia a los ítems con respuesta de asociación libre y espontánea, el 44.8 % de profesionales consideran los RS un riesgo biológico, el 29.6 % lo consideran material de desecho, el 22.1 % manifiestan que deben gestionarse correctamente y un 3.5 % los describen como residuos desconocidos. Conclusiones. Los resultados sugieren que todos los profesionales de la salud tienen en general una percepción de riesgo alta, siendo los técnicos de laboratorio los que tienen una percepción más alta respecto al riesgo real de la gestión inadecuada de los RS. El 63.2 % manifiesta que se ha de realizar una gestión adecuada para preservar su salud laboral; el 59 % responde que son un riesgo biológico para la población en general y el 47.8 % que son nocivos para la salud pública. Aunque cabe destacar que solo el 44.8 considera que los RS son tóxicos y peligrosos (AU)

The sanitary waste represents a potential hazard for health workers. Given the high risk of infection in labor accidents, the correct management of sanitary waste minimizes this risk and improves labor and environment conditions. Objective. To identify risk perception with health professionals in relation to the advanced sorting and management of healthcare waste (HW). Methodology. The current study is a descriptive, cross-sectional. The sample size was 177 health workers (nurse assistants, nurses, physicians, lab technicians) from three hospitals in Barcelona (Catalonia). Homemade questionnaire and questions with a free and spontaneous association and incomplete sentences were used to analyze labor variables, perception of risk and personal security through a Likert scale. Results. Using a score from 1 (the lowest perception of risk) to 5 (the high perception of risk) to assess the risk perception, the average value for nurse assistants, nurses, physicians, and lab technicians was 3.71, 3.75, 3.83 y 4.03, respectively. Referring to items with free and spontaneous response association, 44.8 % of workers consider HW as a biohazard, 29.6 % consider it as waste material, 22.1 % state that it must be managed properly and 3.5 % described it as unknown residues. Conclusions. The results suggest that all health professionals generally have a perception of high risk. The lab technicians have a higher perception of the real risk of inadequate management of HW. A 63.2 % report that everyone has to make a proper management to preserve their occupational health; the 59% consider that the HW are a biological risk to the general population and only the 47.8 % that are harmful to public health. Although it should be noted that only 44.8 % think that HW are toxic and dangerous (AU)

Los sistemas de salud y las tecnologías de la información y la comunicación / No disponible

No disponible